About Farm Drone pesticide sprayers

In the present era, there are too many developments in precision agriculture for increasing the crop productivity. Especially, in the developing countries like India, over 70% of the rural people depends upon the agriculture fields. The agriculture fields faces dramatic losses due to the diseases. These diseases came from the pests and insets, which reduces the productivity of the crops. Pesticides and fertilizers are used to kill the insects and pests in order to enhance the crop quality. The WHO (World Health Organization estimated as one million cases of ill effected, when spraying the pesticides in the crop filed manually. The Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) – aircrafts are used to spray the pesticides to avoid the health problems of humans when they spray manually. UAVs or drones  can be used easily, where the equipment and labors difficulty to operate. This paper reviews briefly the implementation of  UAVs for crop monitoring and pesticide spraying.

A sprayer system is mounted on UAV for pesticides spraying. The integration of UAV with sprayer system results a potential to provide a platform to pest management and vector control. This is accurate site specific application for a large crop fields. For this purpose heavy lift UAVs or drone sprayers are required for large area of spraying. The efficiency of the spraying system which is mounted to the UAV or drone increases through the PWM controller in the pesticide applications. A petrol powered unmanned aerial vehicle Yamaha RMAX developed for pesticide spraying in rice fields of Asia. In comparison with ground based sprayers, deposition of pesticides from the developed UAV is almost similar. The RMAX is a crop sprayer for a high value crop environment. A prototype extendable to develop a drone with increasing volume mean diameter droplet size up to 300mm. The uses of drone in spraying operations are increasing because of its speed and accuracy. But, some factors reduce the crop quality like some area in the crop field is not covered properly while spraying, Crop areas overlapping and outer edges of the crop field in the spraying process. To overcome these factors, a swarm of Drones were used in a control loop of algorithm for agriculture operations, where unmanned aerial vehicles are the responsible for the spraying pesticides. The process of spraying the pesticides on the crop is organized by the feedback coming from the WSNs deployed in the field. The communication with each one is done by a control loop to adjust the route of unmanned aerial vehicle to changes in the speed of wind and number of messages exchanged in between. A short delay in the control loop, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can analyze the data from WSN to further route. It could also minimize the waste of pesticides. An automatic navigation UAV spraying system MSP430 developed to direct the UAV in desired spray area.

Keeping in view of these facts, a crop monitoring and Pesticide spraying Drones are developed consisting of an automated drone system and sprinkling system with multi spectral camera. The sprinkling system is attached to the lower region off the UAV which has a nozzle beneath the pesticide tank to sprinkle the pesticide towards downstream. First monitoring is done by multi spectral camera, the camera scans the whole crop field and generates a spatial map. This map manifest the condition of the crop through NDVI and then the farmer evaluates which type of pesticides/fertilizers apply on the crop.

UAVs in precision agriculture is still in its early stage and maybe a scope for further development in both the technology and the agriculture applications. Providentially, it is expended that with the development of UAV'S technology, improved image processing techniques, lower costs, flying times, batteries, new camera designs, low volume sprayers, and nozzle types. A significant number of experimental studies of UAV'S based remote sensing for agriculture application. It will be a more prominent advantages of these systems in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring.

Conclusion: The drone sprayers are costly. The drone service centers are less in number. They are suitable for large scale land holders. Proper training is needed to run the drones. 

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About setting up farm weather stations

Farm Weather stations will be helpful for open field plantations and is one of the best-understood data capture requirements in agriculture. The micro weather data comprises of temperature, humidity, pressure, rain, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, evaporation, soil moisture, and temperature etc..

Temperature and humidity are common across most of the requirements. The plants require a certain temperature and humidity range to thrive. The fungi and pathogens also thrive in certain environmental conditions. Like, mildew worms in grapes happen in certain leaf wetness, temperature and rain conditions. open field agriculture practitioners may also need evaporation and solar radiation data.

Rain and soil are also critical variables. Soil needs to be monitored at different depths. Water intensive crops need soil moisture sensors to check if the roots are getting water or not. Soil nutrients like NPK need to be monitored to check soil health. Different soil can have different pH and thus suitability for different crops.

 

Temperature and humidity can be done with help of semiconductor sensors. The way to measure rain is via gauges or tipping rain buckets. Wind speed and direction sensors are analog sensors. The rate of evaporation can be monitored using an evaporation PAN. A depth sensor can be used for automatic pan depth measurements. For disease onset and prediction, four sensors, namely, Rain, Leaf wetness, temperature, and humidity are critical. Leaf wetness sensors try to mimic the presence of water on leaves using conductivity or capacitive measurements.

The availability of the hyper local weather data is critical to scope out the farm level conditions. The data captured from satellites are at a much lower resolution and cannot help answer farm level questions. A grid of weather stations capturing micro weather data can be deployed to collect real-time data from the field that can be used to analyzed weather conditions and develop advisories.

Can build Arduino based weather stations on our own. Tutorials available online.

Or we can choose readymade farm weather station available in the markets. One such company is YuktIx technologies. You can contact them for more info.

YuktIx Technologies

www.yuktix.com

+91-9910908382

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Farm update video tour May 2020

We would like to show you our farm plot for food security. Choosen few annuals and perrineals for growing. There are nine rows, where five rows are for perrineals and four rows for annuals. The perrineals includes p Pigeon pea, Brinjal, Kandhari chilly, etc... The annual rows includes cow pea, okra or ladies finger, Local variety chilly, Bottle gourd, Beans (dwarf), Ridge gourd, etc... Included Hibiscus, Jasmine plants at the bunds to attract pests. The curry leaves plants were also planted in the bunds. 

Kandhari chilly, a chilly variety which has self life of two years. At the beginning the fruits looks white, when ripening it turns to red. The spicy-ness of the Kandhari chilly is highest when compared to other varieties.

Pigeon pea has a self life of 2 years. The seeds can be dried and stored for future purpose. 

Brinjal a perrineal native variety which lives for 2 years. A good tasty variety. The variety is not bitter. 

Cow pea, the seeds can be saved. If pods are light green we can use while pod for cooking.

Okra or Ladies finger, starts to yield from 50th day and yield  upto 90 th day.

Bottle gourd, a native variety which tastes good. A good combination for a sambar. Has self life of 6 months. Can harvest for 70 days. The first yield will start from 50th day.

Ridge gourd, same as bottle gourd, it also yields from 50th day. Has self life of 6 months.

Beans, we sown dwarf variety. The beans seeds are purple in colour. Thus they are commonly known as purple beans. Grows upto one to one and half feet height. Beans seeds can be saved for food.

Cucumber a awesome native variety which are mainly cultivated for it's seeds. It is believed that these seeds control ageing. The fruit juice made using this cucumber is awesome. Can't regret.

Watch the YouTube video regarding the post. Share and subscribe our YouTube channel if you are interested in small scale farming for self sufficiency.

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Agri drone sprayers

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How to grow poona kheera cucumber

Poona kheera cucumbers produce large fruits which are traditionally cut into slices for use in salads and as a garnish. They are a fast growing crop under good growing conditions. The maturity is between 55 to 65 days. Poona kheera cucumber is grown in spring and summer. Usually, cucumber plants can't withstand frost at all. So, plant in hot and warm conditions. 

Cucumbers are native to the tropics and absolutely must have warm soil (70˚ F minimum) for good germination and growth. Consequently they are among the last crops to be planted out in spring. Most varieties fruit better in short days, so they tend to be more productive later in the summer. Cucumbers take 2 weeks to germinate at 60 degrees, but only 3 days at 85 degrees. Cucumbers can be grown in partial shade. I.e it needs atleast 6 hours of full sun light.

The best way to water Cucumbers is with a drip system or soaker hose, as this keeps the leaves dry and so reduces the chance of disease problems. If you must get the leaves wet, water in the morning, or early evening, so they have a chance to dry out quickly. You don't want the leaves to stay wet all night.

Be careful not to overwater germinating seeds or they may rot. It's best to soak the ground or the potting soil heavily when first planting, then avoid watering again if possible until seedlings emerge. Cucumber seeds emerge in 5+ days; very lightly water ground or potting soil around day 3 or 4 to keep soil from crusting so that seeds can emerge more easily.

Poona kheera Cucumbers grow quite well in containers and several varieties have been produced specifically for this. They will be more productive in larger containers (at least 12" in diameter). In order to prevent root rot, it is important that your container has drainage holes. Line the bottom of your container with weed cloth or newspaper and then cover with a handful of small rocks. Fill the remainder with amixture of peat moss, compost and potting soil. Cucumbers need a minimum of 6 hours of sunlight per day. In extremely hot climates, it is best to provide partial shade and keep your container away from direct sunlight. Cucumbers need lots of water, and they prefer moist soil.

Poona kheera cucumbers attracts beneficial insects. The fruit size of the cucumber is 6 inches to 11 inches. The fruits on maturing will turn to brown from green. So, harvest the fruits while it is still green.

https://youtu.be/5BCm6H3I1iQ

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